{"id":53,"date":"2018-11-09T17:14:14","date_gmt":"2018-11-09T17:14:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.flavonoides.org\/fr\/\/?page_id=53"},"modified":"2024-07-17T09:47:50","modified_gmt":"2024-07-17T09:47:50","slug":"chalcones","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.flavonoides.org\/fr\/chalcones\/","title":{"rendered":"Chalcones : Synth\u00e8se, propri\u00e9t\u00e9s, utilisations m\u00e9dicinales et industrielles"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Les <strong>chalcones<\/strong> sont des flavono\u00efdes du type <em>chalcone<\/em>. Ils conservent la m\u00eame structure chimique dans leur squelette et appartiennent au groupe des c\u00e9tones aromatiques, un compos\u00e9 chimique v\u00e9g\u00e9tal qui poss\u00e8de un groupe fonctionnel carbonyle attach\u00e9 \u00e0 deux atomes de carbone. C&#8217;est aussi une <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00e9none<\/a> avec une double liaison C=C.<\/p><aside class=\"adsini\"><ins class=\"adsbygoogle fl-inicio-articulo\" style=\"display:block\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9582652217436894\" data-ad-slot=\"8447102556\" data-ad-format=\"auto\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins><script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});<\/script><\/aside>\n<div id=\"toc_container\" class=\"toc_white no_bullets\"><p class=\"toc_title\">Table des mati&egrave;res<\/p><ul class=\"toc_list\"><li><a href=\"#proprietes-des-chalcones\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_1\">1<\/span> Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des chalcones<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#avantages\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_1\">2<\/span> Avantages<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#synthese\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_1\">3<\/span> Synth\u00e8se<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#usages\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_1\">4<\/span> Usages<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#importance-des-lactobacilles-et-des-chalcones\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_1\">5<\/span> Importance des lactobacilles et des chalcones<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#noms-des-chalcones\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_1\">6<\/span> Noms des chalcones<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#references\"><span class=\"toc_number toc_depth_1\">7<\/span> R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<h2><span id=\"proprietes-des-chalcones\">Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des chalcones<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Connues sous le nom de <strong>chalcono\u00efdes<\/strong> ou de <strong>chalcones<\/strong>, les chalcones sont des compos\u00e9s chimiques produits par les plantes, \u00e9galement connus sous leur <strong>nom scientifique<\/strong> de <em>benzylid\u00e8neac\u00e9toph\u00e9nones<\/em>, <em>styril-ph\u00e9nyl-c\u00e9tones<\/em>, ou <em>ph\u00e9nyl styril c\u00e9tones<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw==\" fifu-lazy=\"1\" fifu-data-sizes=\"auto\" fifu-data-srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-what-are-they-properties-benefits.jpg?ssl=1&w=75&resize=75 75w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-what-are-they-properties-benefits.jpg?ssl=1&w=100&resize=100 100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-what-are-they-properties-benefits.jpg?ssl=1&w=150&resize=150 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-what-are-they-properties-benefits.jpg?ssl=1&w=240&resize=240 240w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-what-are-they-properties-benefits.jpg?ssl=1&w=320&resize=320 320w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-what-are-they-properties-benefits.jpg?ssl=1&w=500&resize=500 500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-what-are-they-properties-benefits.jpg?ssl=1&w=640&resize=640 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-what-are-they-properties-benefits.jpg?ssl=1&w=800&resize=800 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-what-are-they-properties-benefits.jpg?ssl=1&w=1024&resize=1024 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-what-are-they-properties-benefits.jpg?ssl=1&w=1280&resize=1280 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-what-are-they-properties-benefits.jpg?ssl=1&w=1600&resize=1600 1600w\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1190 size-full\" fifu-data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-what-are-they-properties-benefits.jpg?ssl=1\" alt=\"Qu'est-ce que les chalcones et quelles sont leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s et avantages ?\" width=\"720\" height=\"440\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Ils ont une activit\u00e9 biologique significative dans les plantes et chez les humains lorsqu&#8217;ils sont ing\u00e9r\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Ces types de m\u00e9tabolites secondaires v\u00e9g\u00e9taux sont des pr\u00e9curseurs de la synth\u00e8se des flavones 3, un autre des <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flavonoides.org\/fr\/\">types de flavono\u00efdes<\/a><\/strong> tr\u00e8s importants pour leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s th\u00e9rapeutiques.<\/p>\n<p>Selon leur structure chimique et le type de cycles aromatiques dont ils sont compos\u00e9s, les bienfaits pour le corps humain peuvent varier, avec les <strong>propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des chalcones<\/strong> suivantes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Antipalud\u00e9en.<\/li>\n<li>Antileishmaniose.<\/li>\n<li>Antituberculeux.<\/li>\n<li>Antifongique.<\/li>\n<li>Antibact\u00e9rien.<\/li>\n<li>Antiviral.<\/li>\n<li>Antitumoral.<\/li>\n<li>Antipsychotique.<\/li>\n<li>Antioxydant.<\/li>\n<li>Analg\u00e9sique.<\/li>\n<li>Cardiotonique.<\/li>\n<li>Activateurs de la circulation sanguine.<\/li>\n<li>Renfor\u00e7ateurs des capillaires et des vaisseaux sanguins.<\/li>\n<li>Pour le contr\u00f4le du cholest\u00e9rol ou hypocholest\u00e9rol\u00e9miant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"avantages\">Avantages<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Les flavono\u00efdes chalcones ont une importance th\u00e9rapeutique significative car ils peuvent affecter le corps de deux mani\u00e8res. La premi\u00e8re en tant qu&#8217;unit\u00e9 unique et la deuxi\u00e8me ind\u00e9pendamment, permettant une addition conjugu\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>Leur m\u00e9canisme d&#8217;action est similaire \u00e0 celui des compos\u00e9s 1,3-dic\u00e9tone.<\/p>\n<p>La fa\u00e7on dont les chalcones fonctionnent en fait des compos\u00e9s id\u00e9aux pour la formation de syst\u00e8mes h\u00e9t\u00e9rocycliques de 5, 6 et 7 membres (pyrimidines, pyrazolines, isoxazoles, diaz\u00e9pines, etc.).<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;utilisation des chalcones a des effets antibact\u00e9riens, antifongiques et antiviraux, et peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e dans les cas de paludisme ou de malaria.<\/p>\n<p>Similaire \u00e0 d&#8217;autres flavono\u00efdes, <strong>la chalcone a des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s antioxydantes<\/strong>, une qualit\u00e9 qui prot\u00e8ge le corps contre les radicaux libres et pr\u00e9vient la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration du syst\u00e8me cardiovasculaire. Ces avantages <strong>peuvent \u00eatre compar\u00e9s avec d&#8217;autres types de flavono\u00efdes<\/strong> tels que <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flavonoides.org\/fr\/anthocyanes\/\">les anthocyanes<\/a><\/strong>, qui sont \u00e9galement des compos\u00e9s polyph\u00e9noliques d&#8217;origine v\u00e9g\u00e9tale qui agissent dans le corps humain comme protecteurs contre le stress oxydatif, bloquent les dommages des radicaux libres tout en ayant des effets anti-inflammatoires et des stimulants de la m\u00e9moire.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"synthese\">Synth\u00e8se<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw==\" fifu-lazy=\"1\" fifu-data-sizes=\"auto\" fifu-data-srcset=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-synthesis.jpg?ssl=1&w=75&resize=75 75w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-synthesis.jpg?ssl=1&w=100&resize=100 100w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-synthesis.jpg?ssl=1&w=150&resize=150 150w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-synthesis.jpg?ssl=1&w=240&resize=240 240w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-synthesis.jpg?ssl=1&w=320&resize=320 320w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-synthesis.jpg?ssl=1&w=500&resize=500 500w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-synthesis.jpg?ssl=1&w=640&resize=640 640w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-synthesis.jpg?ssl=1&w=800&resize=800 800w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-synthesis.jpg?ssl=1&w=1024&resize=1024 1024w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-synthesis.jpg?ssl=1&w=1280&resize=1280 1280w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-synthesis.jpg?ssl=1&w=1600&resize=1600 1600w\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1191 size-full\" fifu-data-src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-synthesis.jpg?ssl=1\" alt=\"Synth\u00e8se de la chalcone et structure chimique\" width=\"336\" height=\"280\" \/><\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;industrie moderne a trouv\u00e9 diverses fa\u00e7ons de synth\u00e9tiser les chalcones, mais la plus courante en raison de sa simplicit\u00e9 et de sa praticit\u00e9 est par condensation de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ugr.es\/~quiored\/doc\/p7.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Claisen-Schmidt<\/a>. Pour cela, des d\u00e9riv\u00e9s de benzald\u00e9hyde et des d\u00e9riv\u00e9s d&#8217;ac\u00e9toph\u00e9none sont utilis\u00e9s dans un milieu acide ou basique selon Kostanecki et Tambor, 1899.<\/p>\n<p>La m\u00e9thode d\u00e9crite pour les synth\u00e9tiser permet l&#8217;inclusion de diff\u00e9rents cycles aromatiques dans les chalcones, produisant des variantes multifacettes qui cibleront des objectifs th\u00e9rapeutiques avec des fins diff\u00e9rentes.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"usages\">Usages<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw==\" fifu-lazy=\"1\" fifu-data-sizes=\"auto\" fifu-data-srcset=\"https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-calcona-uses.jpg?ssl=1&w=75&resize=75 75w, https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-calcona-uses.jpg?ssl=1&w=100&resize=100 100w, https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-calcona-uses.jpg?ssl=1&w=150&resize=150 150w, https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-calcona-uses.jpg?ssl=1&w=240&resize=240 240w, https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-calcona-uses.jpg?ssl=1&w=320&resize=320 320w, https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-calcona-uses.jpg?ssl=1&w=500&resize=500 500w, https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-calcona-uses.jpg?ssl=1&w=640&resize=640 640w, https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-calcona-uses.jpg?ssl=1&w=800&resize=800 800w, https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-calcona-uses.jpg?ssl=1&w=1024&resize=1024 1024w, https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-calcona-uses.jpg?ssl=1&w=1280&resize=1280 1280w, https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-calcona-uses.jpg?ssl=1&w=1600&resize=1600 1600w\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1192 size-full\" fifu-data-src=\"https:\/\/i3.wp.com\/www.flavonoides.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/chalcones-calcona-uses.jpg?ssl=1\" alt=\"Chalcone, usages et applications\" width=\"336\" height=\"280\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>En tant qu&#8217;agent antibact\u00e9rien de substitution aux antibiotiques.<\/li>\n<li>En tant que pr\u00e9curseurs dans la synth\u00e8se de compos\u00e9s de pyrazoline.<\/li>\n<li>Fabrication de produits agricoles.<\/li>\n<li>Fabrication de m\u00e9dicaments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Actuellement, des recherches sont en cours sur les applications possibles des chalcones pour remplacer l&#8217;utilisation des antibiotiques, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que de nombreuses bact\u00e9ries sont devenues r\u00e9sistantes \u00e0 l&#8217;action de ceux-ci. La recherche de nouvelles formules avec des \u00e9l\u00e9ments naturels est essentielle pour r\u00e9duire la fr\u00e9quence de prise des antibiotiques.<\/p>\n<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement des chalcones est un domaine vaste, avec de nombreuses applications et avantages m\u00e9dicinaux. Il est important de synth\u00e9tiser des m\u00e9dicaments \u00e0 partir de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res v\u00e9g\u00e9tales et, bien s\u00fbr, que celles-ci aient une activit\u00e9 biologique sp\u00e9cifique.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"importance-des-lactobacilles-et-des-chalcones\">Importance des lactobacilles et des chalcones<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Pour tester l&#8217;efficacit\u00e9 des substances d\u00e9riv\u00e9es des chalcones, diverses \u00e9tudes in vitro ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es avec des bact\u00e9ries Gram-n\u00e9gatives. Ces \u00e9tudes ont permis et continuent de permettre d&#8217;explorer leurs effets et les moyens les plus efficaces de les synth\u00e9tiser pour produire des m\u00e9dicaments et des produits b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques tant pour les plantes que pour les humains.<\/p>\n<p>Sp\u00e9cifiquement, des bact\u00e9ries telles que Bacillus pumilis et Bacillus subtilis ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9es, ainsi que d&#8217;autres esp\u00e8ces telles que Proteus vulgaris et Escherichia coli.<\/p>\n<p>En \u00e9tudiant la r\u00e9action de la chalcone sur les bact\u00e9ries Gram-n\u00e9gatives, ses effets sur les bact\u00e9ries Gram-positives comme Staphylococcus aureus sont \u00e9galement \u00e9tudi\u00e9s. Des modifications sont effectu\u00e9es pour obtenir diverses souches, permettant d&#8217;\u00e9tudier leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9dicinales et la synth\u00e8se ult\u00e9rieure de compos\u00e9s ayant une fonctionnalit\u00e9 et des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s similaires \u00e0 la p\u00e9nicilline, la t\u00e9tracycline et l&#8217;ampicilline.<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;utilisation des chalcones est d&#8217;une grande importance. La recherche de meilleures solutions antibact\u00e9riennes et antifongiques est un th\u00e8me r\u00e9current, devenant plus crucial \u00e0 mesure que les antibact\u00e9riens traditionnels cessent d&#8217;avoir l&#8217;effet recherch\u00e9 obtenu dans le pass\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"noms-des-chalcones\">Noms des chalcones<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Benzylid\u00e8neac\u00e9toph\u00e9none.<\/li>\n<li>Chalcone.<\/li>\n<li>Trans-Chalcone.<\/li>\n<li>(E)-Chalcone.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"references\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"boxrefer\">\n<li>Merck Index, 11th Edition, 2028.<\/li>\n<li>Toda, F., et al., J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. I, 1990, 3207.<\/li>\n<li>Palleros, D. R., J. Chem. Educ., 81, 1345 (2004).<\/li>\n<li>Comisar, C. M. and Savage, P. E. Green Chem., 6 (2004), 227 &#8211; 231.<\/li>\n<li>Photochemistry of chalcone and the application of chalcone-derivatives in photo-alignment layer of liquid crystal display. Dong-mee Song, Kyoung-hoon Jung, Ji-hye Moon and Dong-myung Shin, Optical Materials, 2002, volume 21, pages 667\u2013671, doi 10.1016\/S0925-3467(02)00220-3<\/li>\n<li>P Venkatesan and S Sumathi, \u00abPiperidine Mediated Synthesis of N-Heterocyclic Chalcones and Their Antibacterial Activity\u00bb, J. Heterocyclic Chem., 47, 81 (2010).<\/li>\n<li>Ram\u00edrez M. E., Revista Mexicana de ciencias (2012), S\u00edntesis y actividad biol\u00f3gica de chalconas, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Coahuila.<\/li>\n<li>Leusink, A.J.; Noltes, J.G. (1966). \u00abReaction of organotin hydrides with \u03b1,\u03b2-unsaturated ketones\u00bb. <em>Tetrahedron Letters<\/em> 7 (20): 2221.<\/li>\n<li>Parvesh, Amit y Vipan, 2014.<\/li>\n<li>Moritani, Yasunori; Appella, Daniel H.; Jurkauskas, Valdas; Buchwald, Stephen L. (2000). \u00abSynthesis of \u03b2-Alkyl Cyclopentanones in High Enantiomeric Excess via Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Reduction\u00bb. <em>Journal of the American <\/em>Chemical Society 122 (28): 6797.<\/li>\n<li>Stanley A L, Ramani V A. Isolation and Identification of a Chalcone From Baccopa monnieri. Asian J Chem. 2010; 22 (2): 965-970. Maheswara M, Rao Y K, Siddaiah V, Rao C V. Isolation of new Chalcone from the leaves of Bauhinia variegata. Asian J Chem. 2006; 18(1):419-422.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les chalcones sont des flavono\u00efdes du type chalcone. Ils conservent la m\u00eame structure chimique dans leur squelette et appartiennent au groupe des c\u00e9tones aromatiques, un compos\u00e9 chimique v\u00e9g\u00e9tal qui poss\u00e8de un groupe fonctionnel carbonyle&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1570,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Chalcones : Synth\u00e8se, propri\u00e9t\u00e9s, utilisations m\u00e9dicinales et industrielles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les chalcones sont des flavono\u00efdes du type chalcone, des c\u00e9tones aromatiques v\u00e9g\u00e9tales. 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